This website provide you important notes on Biochemistry,Immunology,Cell Biology,Bacteriology.
Radionuclide Pollution:Definition|Prevention|Effect on human|Source|Types
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Definition
Radionuclide Pollution or Radionuclide Contamination is define
as when the radioactive molecules are present on surface of
solide,water,air or in human skin which is undesirable is called
radionuclide contamination
addition of radiation in environment from radioactive element is called Radionuclide Pollution.
Radioactive
pollution is like any other kind of pollution in which some unwanted
elements are release into environment,this unwanted element is called
Radioactive Pollution.
Radioactive elements are spread through the earth atmosphere is called Fallout
The
measurement unit of Radioactivity is Disintegration or decays, per unit
time.common unit of radioactivity is Becquerel, equal to 1 decay per
second.and curie, equal to the 37 billion decay per second.
Source
The sources of radioactive pollution can be classified into two groups: natural and man made.
Man Made Source: 1.Production of or Research on Nuclear weapons:In production of nuclear weapon there used many radioactive element which have high health risk . 2.Mining in radioactive ore: In mining involve crushing and processing of radioactive ore which creat radioactive waste ehich emits alpha particles 3.Medical waste: In medical their used several type of radioactive isotopes either for treatment or diagnosis. 4.Nuclear power plant: any accident in this plant can cause dangerous highly radioactive pollution. 5.Industrial Radiography (X-ray imaging)
radioactive pollution microbiology
Type of Pollution
Continuous Pollution: This type pollution occurs in uranium mines,nuclear reactors,test lab etc.
Accidental Pollution: This type pollution occurs due to accidental exposure of radioactive elements inn environment from nuclear reactors etc.
Occasional Pollution: This occurs during the experiment or test of Nuclear Substances.
Effect of Radiation On Human
On expose to radiation it can cause skin diseases in human.
Exposure to high radiation or long time exposure can damage the DNA structure.
The rapidly growing or dividing cells are highly sensitive to radioactive molecule.
rays from radioactive element can cause hair loss,heart failure,brain cell damage,burn,etc.
Prevention
Nuclear Medicines and nuclear therapy should be applied when absolutely necessary.
In nuclear mines wet drilling my be employed.
Fission reaction should be minimised.
Leakages in nuclear reactors,careless transport,use of radioactive isotopes have to be totally stop.
Complement Pathways: Types, Functions and Regulation Complement was discovered by Jules Bordet as a heat-labile component of normal plasma that causes the opsonisation and killing of bacteria. It helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells; promote inflammation and attack pathogen’s plasma membrane. Proteins that take part in the complement system are called complements that collectively work as a biological cascade The complement system refers to a series of >20 proteins, circulating in the blood and tissue fluids. Most of the proteins are normally inactive, but in response to the recognition of molecular components of microorganisms they become sequentially activated in an enzyme cascade – the activation of one protein enzymatically cleaves and activates the next protein in the cascade. Complements are mainly denoted by the capital letter C with numbers; like, C1, C2, C3, and so on. Some have only alphabet, like, B , D . Some are simpl
Bacterial Flagella: structure, types and function Many motile bacteria move by use of flagella (s., flagellum), threadlike locomotor appendages extending outward from the plasma membrane and cell wall. OR A flagellum (plural: flagella ) is a long, whip-like structure that helps some single celled organisms move. The synthesis of bacterial flagella is complex and involves at least 20 to 30 genes. Besides the gene for flagellin, 10 or more genes code for hook and basal body proteins; other genes are concerned with control of flagellar construction or function. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain cilia and flagella Cilia and flagella are formed from specialized groupings of microtubules called basal bodies. If the protrusions are short and numerous they are termed cilia . If they are longer and less numerous (usually only one or two) they are termed flagella . Although the main function of flagella is motility, they can have other roles. They can be involved in
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