Genetic - Transduction: Definition,Clasification.

Genetic - Transduction: Definition,Clasification.

Definition

Transduction is a process in which involve the genetic element is transfer from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient cell through a bacteriophage.
In transduction process the bacteriophage first Infects the donor cell and then carries some genome of donor cell with it,when it Infects another new cell it inject the genome of previous cell into new one.

Classification

Transduction is classified into two classes –
  1. Generalized Transduction
  2. Specialized Transduction

1. Generalized Transduction

The generalized transduction occurs during the lytic Cycle of viral temperate phage,and it can transfer any part of bacterial chromosome from donor cell to recipient cell.

Mechanism Generalized Transduction

  1. When the phage infect the host bacterial cell it initiate the lytic cycle.
  2. Then this phages are started to synthesis new viral genome, enzymes, capsid, head tail and tail fibers.
  3. The enzymes of viral phage started to hydrolyses the host chromosome into fragments.
  4. During the assembly of phage particles,some parts of host fragmented chromosoms are get incorporated into bacteriophage’s capsid .
  5. When this bacteriophage infect another new host cell it inject the previous donor cell’s chromosome into it,while it’s not belong to a viral genom hence it can not start any lytic cycle into recipient cell.
  6. After injection of chromosome fragment into new host bacterial cell,it will integrad with the new bacterial chromosome by the homologous recombination,this is call successful transduction or either the chromosome will degraded into small fragment by the cytosol enzyme,it’s call Abortic Transduction.



2. Specialized Transduction

In specialized transduction the bacteriophage contain only some restricted gene from the donor cell to the recipient cell by the temperate phage whic remain in lysogenic cycle inside the donor cell.

Mechanism of Specialized Transduction

  1. When the Bacteriophage infect donor bacteria it get integrated into the genome of donor cell and remain in dormant stage in donor cell from generation to generation.The bacteriophage which undergo in lysogenic cycle is called temperate phage.
  2. When this lysogenic cycle is exposed in UV light or any stimulus,it initiate the induction in bacteriophage and lytic cycle.
  3. In induction in donor cell,the phage genome sometime carries a part of donor cell with it.
  4. When this bacteriophage infect recipient cell it inject the genome of donor cell into it.
     So, in this specialized transduction only those restricted gene are situated on the side of integrated viral genome have a chance to enter into recipient cell

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