Genetic - Transduction: Definition,Clasification.

Genetic - Transduction: Definition,Clasification.

Definition

Transduction is a process in which involve the genetic element is transfer from a donor bacterial cell to a recipient cell through a bacteriophage.
In transduction process the bacteriophage first Infects the donor cell and then carries some genome of donor cell with it,when it Infects another new cell it inject the genome of previous cell into new one.

Classification

Transduction is classified into two classes –
  1. Generalized Transduction
  2. Specialized Transduction

1. Generalized Transduction

The generalized transduction occurs during the lytic Cycle of viral temperate phage,and it can transfer any part of bacterial chromosome from donor cell to recipient cell.

Mechanism Generalized Transduction

  1. When the phage infect the host bacterial cell it initiate the lytic cycle.
  2. Then this phages are started to synthesis new viral genome, enzymes, capsid, head tail and tail fibers.
  3. The enzymes of viral phage started to hydrolyses the host chromosome into fragments.
  4. During the assembly of phage particles,some parts of host fragmented chromosoms are get incorporated into bacteriophage’s capsid .
  5. When this bacteriophage infect another new host cell it inject the previous donor cell’s chromosome into it,while it’s not belong to a viral genom hence it can not start any lytic cycle into recipient cell.
  6. After injection of chromosome fragment into new host bacterial cell,it will integrad with the new bacterial chromosome by the homologous recombination,this is call successful transduction or either the chromosome will degraded into small fragment by the cytosol enzyme,it’s call Abortic Transduction.



2. Specialized Transduction

In specialized transduction the bacteriophage contain only some restricted gene from the donor cell to the recipient cell by the temperate phage whic remain in lysogenic cycle inside the donor cell.

Mechanism of Specialized Transduction

  1. When the Bacteriophage infect donor bacteria it get integrated into the genome of donor cell and remain in dormant stage in donor cell from generation to generation.The bacteriophage which undergo in lysogenic cycle is called temperate phage.
  2. When this lysogenic cycle is exposed in UV light or any stimulus,it initiate the induction in bacteriophage and lytic cycle.
  3. In induction in donor cell,the phage genome sometime carries a part of donor cell with it.
  4. When this bacteriophage infect recipient cell it inject the genome of donor cell into it.
     So, in this specialized transduction only those restricted gene are situated on the side of integrated viral genome have a chance to enter into recipient cell

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Complement Pathways: Types, Functions and Regulation

Image
Complement Pathways: Types, Functions and Regulation Complement was discovered by Jules Bordet as a heat-labile component of normal plasma that causes the opsonisation and killing of bacteria. It helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells; promote inflammation and attack pathogen’s plasma membrane. Proteins that take part in the complement system are called complements that collectively work as a biological cascade The complement system refers to a series of >20 proteins, circulating in the blood and tissue fluids. Most of the proteins are normally inactive, but in response to the recognition of molecular components of microorganisms they become sequentially activated in an enzyme cascade – the activation of one protein enzymatically cleaves and activates the next protein in the cascade. Complements are mainly denoted by the capital letter C with numbers; like, C1, C2, C3, and so on. Some have only alphabet, like, B , D . Some are simpl
Read more

Bacteriology - Bacterial Flagella: structure, types and function

Image
Bacterial Flagella: structure, types and function Many motile bacteria move by use of flagella (s., flagellum), threadlike locomotor appendages extending outward from the plasma membrane and cell wall. OR A flagellum (plural: flagella ) is a long, whip-like structure that helps some single celled organisms move. The synthesis of bacterial flagella is complex and involves at least 20 to 30 genes. Besides the gene for flagellin, 10 or more genes code for hook and basal body proteins; other genes are concerned with control of flagellar construction or function. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain cilia and flagella Cilia and flagella are formed from specialized groupings of microtubules called basal bodies. If the protrusions are short and numerous they are termed cilia . If they are longer and less numerous (usually only one or two) they are termed flagella .  Although the main function of flagella is motility, they can have other roles. They can be involved in
Read more

What is Ecoil Infection

Image
E. coli is a sort of microorganisms that regularly live in the digestion tracts of individuals and creatures. Be that as it may, a few sorts of E. coli, especially E. coli O157:H7, can cause intestinal disease. E. coli O157:H7 and different strains that cause intestinal disorder are called Shiga poison creating E. coli (STEC) after the poison that they produce.  Manifestations of intestinal disease incorporate the runs, stomach torment, and fever.  More serious cases can prompt bleeding the runs, lack of hydration, or even kidney disappointment.  Individuals with debilitated safe frameworks, pregnant ladies, little youngsters, and more seasoned grown-ups are at expanded danger for building up these difficulties.  Most intestinal diseases are brought about by sullied food or water. Legitimate food planning and great cleanliness can incredibly diminish your odds of building up an intestinal disease.  Most instances of intestinal E. coli disease can be treated at home. Manifestations by a
Read more