Food Microbiology - Probiotic and Prebiotics

Food Microbiology - Probiotic and Prebiotics

What are Probiotics ?

  • The Greek word ‘Pro’=for and BIos=food
  • Probiotics are those living organisms which are consume for it’s beneficial effect on host.
  • Probiotics may be bacteria or fungi,they are not harmful they are helpful for gut intestine.
  • At the start of 20th century, Russian Nobel Prize winner the father of modern immunology, Eli Metchnikoff first conceptualize “Probiotics”
  • According to WHO “The probiotics are define as the live microbs which when consume in adequate amount confer a beneficial health effect on the host cell’.

Sources

  • Probiotics that are naturally found in your intestines include: Saccharomyces boulardii (a yeast) and bacteria in the Lactobacillus and Bifobacterium families of microorganisms. (Outside of the body, Lactobacillus acidophilus is the probiotic that is found in some yogurts.)
  • Supplements: dietary probiotic supplements — which are available in capsules, tablets, powders and liquid extracts — each contain a specific type of probiotic. These products are available at health food and natural food stores, vitamin shops, and other stores. As an example, one commonly used supplement is acidophilus, which is available from several supplement manufacturers.
  • Foods that contain probiotics include: some juices and soy drinks, fermented and unfermented milk, buttermilk, some soft cheeses, miso, tempeh, kefir, kim chi, sauerkraut, and many pickles. As said, probably the most well known food product that contains probiotics is yogurt

Beneficial Effect of Probiotics

The consuming of food which contain probiotics are assist the job of good bacteria which present already in our gut. Probiotics may help by –
  • They decrease the number of Bad bacteria from the gut which my cause infection.
  • They replace the body’s Good bacteria which my loss during the taking of Antibiotics.
  • Maintain the body’s Good Vs Bad Bacterial balance,which keep your body functioning properly.

Features of Probiotics

  • Non Pathogenic
  • Non toxic.
  • It resistant to bile acid.
  • It also resistant to Gastric acid.
  • It Adhere to gut epithelial tissue
  • Produce antibacterial Substances.

Mechanism of Probiotics

  • They Produce some antibacterial substance which inhibit the bacteria and fungi.
  • They also functions by enzymatic reaction to modify toxin receptors and toxin mediated pathology.
  • Involve In Competition with the pathogenic compound for Nutrition.
  • Involve In Competition with the pathogenic compound for Addition.
  • Bio-convert the sugar into simple form.
  • Production of growth substances which promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in gut.
  • It produce substances which inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.
  • It stimulate the immune system.

What are Prebiotics ?

Prebiotics are non digestible food which promote the growth of beneficial organism present in gut or the probiotic compounds.

Sources

The sources of prebiotics are classified into two classes,
  1. Exogenous Prebiotics: Indigestible carbohydrate is belong to this class.
  2. Endogenous Prebiotics: Some endogenous prebiotic compounds are found in human breast milk,its called Human Milk Oligosaccharide (HMO)

Characters

  • Prebiotics are non digestible
  • They are don’t absorb in small intestine
  • They are well fermented by the beneficial bacteria in gut.

Application

  • They are consumed as dietary supplements.
  • Probiotic compounds my used in animal feed as a source of Antibiotics.
  • Reduce the carriage of enteric pathogen.

Difference Probiotic vs Prebiotic

 



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