Bioremidiation Definition,Classification

Bioremediation is a process where biological organisms are used to remove or neutralize an environmental contaminant or waste. The ‘bio-‘ part refers to the biological organisms, which typically includes microscopic organisms, like fungi and bacteria. And, the ‘-remediation’ part refers to remedying the situation ,It is an environment friendly processes.
According to Wikipedia,
“Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site.”
According to the EPA,
Bioremediation is a “treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances.”

Advantage

  • there is no uses of chemical substances
  • It allow the waste to Recycle

Classificatin of Bioremediation

There are two classes of bioremediation –

1 . In-situ Bioremidiation:

In-situ bioremediation means that you allow bioremediation to take place while leaving the soil or water in its natural location.

Classification of In-Situ

Intrinsic bioremediation:

The inherent metabolic ability of the microorganisms to degrade certain pollutants is the intrinsic bioremediation. In fact, the microorganisms can be tested in the laboratory for their natural capability of biodegradation and appropriately utilized.

Engineered in situ bioremediation:

The inherent ability of the microorganisms for bioremediation is generally slow and limited. However, by using suitable physicochemical means (good nutrient and O2 supply, addition of electron acceptors, optimal temperature), the bioremediation process can be engineered for more efficient degradation of pollutants.

Advantages of in situ bioremediation:

1. Cost-effective, with minimal exposure to public or site personnel.
2. Sites of bioremediation remain minimally disrupted.

Disadvantages of in situ bioremediation:

1. Very time consuming process.
2. Sites are directly exposed to environmental factors (temperature, O2 supply etc.).
3. Microbial degrading ability varies seasonally

2. Ex-situe Bioremidiation

situ bioremediation means you would scoop up the contaminated soil or pump up the contaminated water and take it somewhere else for bioremediation. Let’s think a little bit more about the in-situ process.

Classification of Ex-Situ

ex situ bioremediation is classified into two :

(i) solid-phase system (including land treatment and soil piles) i.e. composting

Solid-phase system includes organic wastes (e.g. leaves, animal manures and agricultural wastes), and problematic wastes (e.g. domestic and industrial wastes, sewage sludge and municipal solid wastes). The traditional clean-up practice involves the informal processing of the organic materials and production of composts which may be used as soil amendment. 

(ii) slurry-phase systems (involving treatment of solid-liquid suspensions in

bioreactors). 
The contaminated solid materials (soil, degraded sediments, etc), microorganisms and water formulated into slurry are brought within a bioreactor i.e.fermenter. Thus slurry-phase treatment is a triphasic system involving three major components: water, suspended particulate matter and air. Here water serves as suspending medium where nutrients, trace elements, pH adjustment chemicals and desorbed contaminants are dissolved.
Advantages of ex situ bioremediation:
1. Better controlled and more efficient process.
2. Process can be improved by enrichment with desired microorganisms.
3. Time required in short.
Disadvantages of ex situ bioremediation:
1. Very costly process.
2. Sites of pollution are highly disturbed.
3. There may be disposal problem after the process is complete.

Refference

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